Accessory tongue: Classification and report of a case.

BACKGROUND: Accessory tongue (AT) is a rare congenital anomaly. Due to rarity of AT, various terminologies are applied, including accessory tongue, bifid tongue, double tongue, cleft tongue, and supernumerary tongue. It seems that the anomaly has geographic distribution and most reported cases are from India and Middle East. No comprehensive classification has been introduced yet. So, we present a classification for AT according to review of all papers and documents that we found, and report a 2-month-old male infant with this anomaly.

Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the lips, mouth, and oral region.

An international group of clinicians and scientists working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we summarize the anatomy of the oral region and define and illustrate the terms that describe the major characteristics of the lips and mouth.

Anomalías bucales en recién nacidos / Mouth abnormalities in newborn babies

Se presentan tres lesiones bucales exclusivas de recién nacidos, observadas entre abril de 1993 y abril de 1998 en la maternidad del Hospital de Loncoche, Chile, registradas como Dentista General de Zona. El propósito del reporte, más que una minuciosa revisión de la literatura, es remarcar que el conocimiento de estas lesiones, así como de la patología bucal, es patrimonio de nuestra profesión. Somos los indicados y consultados por médicos y matronas acerca del diagnóstico y discusión terapéutica. Como también explicaremos, orientaremos y tranquilizaremos a los padres del recién nacido portador de las anomalías que se presentan

Imaging of orofacial clefting disorders.

This article discusses the imaging and clinical features of patients with facial clefts. Patients with facial clefts are classified according to interocular distance. Typing of facial clefts is emphasized to determine which patients need to undergo not only imaging, but also imaging of the brain, to assess associated intracranial anomalies. The genetics, treatment, and implications that these clefting disorders have on the growth of the face are also discussed.

Mucogingival deformities.

The presence of mucogingival deformities often have an impact on patients in terms of esthetics and function. The variety of the conditions makes it difficult to place gingival and alveolar mucosa deformities under a single definition. Mucogingival deformities, as defined in this paper, may be congenital, developmental, or acquired defects. These may occur around natural teeth or implants and in edentulous ridges. They may be localized to soft tissues or be associated with defects in the underlying bone. They may show different degrees of severity and extension. A classification of mucogingival deformities should provide a method for identifying the different conditions in order to improve diagnosis, etiologic identification, research, treatment, and insurance evaluation.

Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndromes: a case of aglossia with an intraoral band.

Oromandibular and limb syndromes feature primarily in sporadic case reports because of their low incidence. They include Moebius syndrome, aglossia-adactylia syndrome, Hanhart syndrome, glossopalatine ankylosis syndrome, limb deficiency-splenogonadal fusion syndrome and Charlie M. syndrome. There is confusion in the classification of these patients because of the associated anomalies and the frequency of overlapping features. This paper presents a patient with oromandibular malformations associated with major defects in the upper and lower limbs. Aglossia in the presence of an intraoral band is a peculiar association demanding classification. This case confirms that aglossia-adactylia syndrome and the glossopalatine ankylosis syndrome are variants along a spectrum.

Hallazgos en cavidad oral de neonatos / Reward in oral cavity of newborn

Se procede a la revisión de diferentes casuísticas que reportan diversos hallazgos y anomalías en la cavidad oral de neonatos, por lo demás sanos. Se hace insistencia en la frecuencia de presentación de tales alteraciones; se enfatiza la importancia de que el pediatra y ondopediatra se familiaricen con este tipo de evidencia, ya que constituyen motivo frecuente de consulta en la etapa perinatal

Congenital oral synechiae.

Major congenital synechiae of the oral cavity constitute a clinically confusing spectrum of abnormalities. On the basis of clinical data, we propose two categories: 1) abnormalities secondary to persistence of the buccopharyngeal membrane and 2) abnormalities secondary to formation of ectopic membranes. An ectopic membrane results from abnormal fusion and can be subclassified as a subglossopalatal membrane, glossopalatal ankylosis, or syngnathia. This classification is supported by embryologic studies and is used to reclassify all cases reported since 1900. Distinct differences, such as the presence of associated limb anomalies, emerge; these are reviewed and add support to the proposed classification.

Developmental malformations of human tongue and associated syndromes (review).

The development of the tongue begins as known, in the floor of the primitive oral cavity, when the human embryo is four weeks old. More specifically, the tongue develops from the region of the first three or four branchial arches during the period that the external face develops. Malformations of the tongue, are structural defects, present at birth and happening during embryogenesis. The most common malformations are: 1. Aglossia 2. Microglossia, which is always combined with other defects and syndromes, like Moëbius syndrome 3. Macroglossia, which is commonly associated with cretinism, Down's syndrome, Hunter's syndrome, Sanfilippo syndrome and other types of mental retardation 4. Accessory tongue 5. Long tongue 6. Cleft or Bifid tongue, condition very usual in patients with the orodigitofacial syndrome 7. Glossitis Rhombica Mediana, a developmental malformation? 8. Lingual thyroid. Malformations are extensively analysed and discussed.

Nosologic and genetic considerations in the aglossy-adactyly syndrome.

A case of the aglossy-adactyly syndrome with a variety of associated anomalies and mental retardation suggests that the disorder may be a more complex dysmorphogenetic syndrome than is currently recognized. It is suggested that at least one and possibly two other conditions presently regarded as nosologically distinct from the aglossy-adactyly syndrome may, in fact, represent the same formal genesis syndrome. Because of the rarity of the condition, the failure to search for minor anomalies in first degree relatives and the lack of careful family histories in most cases, our present understanding of this syndrome is limited although etiologic heterogeneity seems likely.